问题 如何在MVVM中对异步ICommand进行单元测试?


我一直在谷歌搜索,甚至Binging,我还没有想出任何令人满意的东西。

我有一个ViewModel,它有一些命令,例如: SaveCommandNewCommand 和 DeleteCommand。我的 SaveCommand 执行保存到文件操作,我想成为 async 操作,以便UI不等待它。

我的 SaveCommand 是一个实例 AsyncCommand,实现 ICommand

 SaveCommand = new AsyncCommand(
  async param =>
        {
            Connection con = await Connection.GetInstanceAsync(m_configurationPath);
            con.Shoppe.Configurations = new List<CouchDbConfig>(m_configurations);
            await con.SaveConfigurationAsync(m_configurationPath);
            //now that its saved, we reload the Data.
            await LoadDataAsync(m_configurationPath);
        }, 
 ...etc

现在我正在为我的ViewModel构建一个测试。在其中,我创造了一个新的东西 NewCommand,我修改它,然后使用 SaveCommand

vm.SaveCommand.Execute(null);
Assert.IsFalse(vm.SaveCommand.CanExecute(null));

我的 CanExecute 方法(未示出) SaveCommand 应该回来 False 在项目保存之后(保存未更改的项目没有意义)。但是,上面显示的Assert总是失败,因为我不是在等待 SaveCommand 完成执行。

现在,我迫不及待地想要完成执行,因为我做不到。该 ICommand.Execute 没有返回 Task。如果我改变了 AsyncCommand 拥有它 Execute 回来一个 Task 那么它就不会实现了 ICommand 界面正常。

因此,出于测试目的,我认为我现在唯一可以做的就是 AsynCommand 有一个新功能:

public async Task ExecuteAsync(object param) { ... }

因此,我的测试将运行(和 awaitExecuteAsync 函数和XAML UI将运行 ICommand.Execute 它没有的方法 await

我不像我想的那样对我提出的解决方案方法感到高兴,并希望并希望有更好的方法。

是我的建议,合理吗?有没有更好的办法?


9398
2018-04-28 12:35


起源

您的命令中是否有任何属性显示“正在运行”或“正在执行”?也许一种方法是在命令中添加执行标志。可能还会修复测试失败的原因,您可以使用CanExecute中的Executing标志来确保它们不会运行两次命令。 - Ron Beyer
我明白你的意思了。让我试一试。 *很快回来 - Peter pete
实际上,AsyncCommand已经有Executing标志。当我最初发现问题TBH时,我没有使用AsyncCommand,而是另一个没有使用AsyncCommand的东西。也许我现在实际上没有问题! ..测试 - Peter pete
@RonBeyer:单元测试中的Assert现在通过,我的UI也可以工作,这要归功于Executing标志。但是,当单元测试结束时,我从SaveCommand得到一个ThreadAbortException,仍然将项目保存到文件中。虽然,“不是一个真正的问题”,但我想知道我是否能干净利落地完成它。 - Peter pete
我只是花一点时间(vm.SaveCommand.Executing);在断言下验证操作是否完成。它会使测试运行时间更长,但可能会干净利落地执行。 - Ron Beyer


答案:


看起来答案是使用标志 AsyncCommand 目的。使用 Executing 的旗帜 AsyncCommand 在里面 CanExecute 方法将确保用户在另一个实例运行时无法执行该命令。

通过单元测试,您可以使用while循环使其在断言后等待:

while (vm.SaveCommand.Executing) ;

这样测试就会干净利落地进行。


2
2018-04-28 13:26



所以你的意思是这比添加另一个返回a的方法更清晰 Task? - Sriram Sakthivel
是的,如果它意味着 Task 仅用于测试目的。我会避免编写额外的代码来通过测试,因为它会破坏测试的目的。 - Ron Beyer
我认为它更清洁。由于没有两个令人困惑的Execute方法。 - Peter pete
@RonBeyer你的方法并不好。您还将介绍一个仅用于测试的属性。这对你有好处吗?检查 本文 stephen建议添加另一个返回Task的方法,该方法很好地封装在另一个接口中。 - Sriram Sakthivel
@SriramSakthivel我没有创建属性,它已经存在于AsyncCommand对象上,请查看问题的注释。 - Ron Beyer


你的建议是合理的,而且正是如此 AsyncCommand 由Stephen Cleary创建的实现 (他是最重要的人之一) 关于异步主题的专家 代码恕我直言)

这是文章中代码的完整实现(加上我为我使用的用例做的一些调整。)

AsyncCommand.cs

/*
 * Based on the article: Patterns for Asynchronous MVVM Applications: Commands
 * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dn630647.aspx
 * 
 * Modified by Scott Chamberlain 11-19-2014
 * - Added parameter support 
 * - Added the ability to shut off the single invocation restriction.
 * - Made a non-generic version of the class that called the generic version with a <object> return type.
 */
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace Infrastructure
{
    public class AsyncCommand : AsyncCommand<object>
    {
        public AsyncCommand(Func<object, Task> command) 
            : base(async (parmater, token) => { await command(parmater); return null; }, null)
        {
        }

        public AsyncCommand(Func<object, Task> command, Func<object, bool> canExecute)
            : base(async (parmater, token) => { await command(parmater); return null; }, canExecute)
        {
        }

        public AsyncCommand(Func<object, CancellationToken, Task> command)
            : base(async (parmater, token) => { await command(parmater, token); return null; }, null)
        {
        }

        public AsyncCommand(Func<object, CancellationToken, Task> command, Func<object, bool> canExecute)
            : base(async (parmater, token) => { await command(parmater, token); return null; }, canExecute)
        {
        }
    }

    public class AsyncCommand<TResult> : AsyncCommandBase, INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        private readonly Func<object, CancellationToken, Task<TResult>> _command;
        private readonly CancelAsyncCommand _cancelCommand;
        private readonly Func<object, bool> _canExecute;
        private NotifyTaskCompletion<TResult> _execution;
        private bool _allowMultipleInvocations;

        public AsyncCommand(Func<object, Task<TResult>> command)
            : this((parmater, token) => command(parmater), null)
        {
        }

        public AsyncCommand(Func<object, Task<TResult>> command, Func<object, bool> canExecute)
            : this((parmater, token) => command(parmater), canExecute)
        {
        }

        public AsyncCommand(Func<object, CancellationToken, Task<TResult>> command)
            : this(command, null)
        {
        }

        public AsyncCommand(Func<object, CancellationToken, Task<TResult>> command, Func<object, bool> canExecute)
        {
            _command = command;
            _canExecute = canExecute;
            _cancelCommand = new CancelAsyncCommand();
        }


        public override bool CanExecute(object parameter)
        {
            var canExecute = _canExecute == null || _canExecute(parameter);
            var executionComplete = (Execution == null || Execution.IsCompleted);

            return canExecute && (AllowMultipleInvocations || executionComplete);
        }

        public override async Task ExecuteAsync(object parameter)
        {
            _cancelCommand.NotifyCommandStarting();
            Execution = new NotifyTaskCompletion<TResult>(_command(parameter, _cancelCommand.Token));
            RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
            await Execution.TaskCompletion;
            _cancelCommand.NotifyCommandFinished();
            RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
        }

        public bool AllowMultipleInvocations
        {
            get { return _allowMultipleInvocations; }
            set
            {
                if (_allowMultipleInvocations == value)
                    return;

                _allowMultipleInvocations = value;
                OnPropertyChanged();
            }
        }

        public ICommand CancelCommand
        {
            get { return _cancelCommand; }
        }

        public NotifyTaskCompletion<TResult> Execution
        {
            get { return _execution; }
            private set
            {
                _execution = value;
                OnPropertyChanged();
            }
        }

        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
        protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
        {
            PropertyChangedEventHandler handler = PropertyChanged;
            if (handler != null)
                handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }

        private sealed class CancelAsyncCommand : ICommand
        {
            private CancellationTokenSource _cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
            private bool _commandExecuting;

            public CancellationToken Token { get { return _cts.Token; } }

            public void NotifyCommandStarting()
            {
                _commandExecuting = true;
                if (!_cts.IsCancellationRequested)
                    return;
                _cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
                RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
            }

            public void NotifyCommandFinished()
            {
                _commandExecuting = false;
                RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
            }

            bool ICommand.CanExecute(object parameter)
            {
                return _commandExecuting && !_cts.IsCancellationRequested;
            }

            void ICommand.Execute(object parameter)
            {
                _cts.Cancel();
                RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
            }

            public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
            {
                add { CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
                remove { CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
            }

            private void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
            {
                CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested();
            }
        }
    }
}

AsyncCommandBase.cs

/*
 * Based on the article: Patterns for Asynchronous MVVM Applications: Commands
 * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dn630647.aspx
 */
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;

namespace Infrastructure
{
    public abstract class AsyncCommandBase : IAsyncCommand
    {
        public abstract bool CanExecute(object parameter);

        public abstract Task ExecuteAsync(object parameter);

        public async void Execute(object parameter)
        {
            await ExecuteAsync(parameter);
        }

        public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
        {
            add { CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
            remove { CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
        }

        protected void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
        {
            CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested();
        }
    }
}

NotifyTaskCompletion.cs

/*
 * Based on the article: Patterns for Asynchronous MVVM Applications: Commands
 * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dn630647.aspx
 * 
 * Modifed by Scott Chamberlain on 12/03/2014
 * Split in to two classes, one that does not return a result and a 
 * derived class that does.
 */

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Infrastructure
{
    public sealed class NotifyTaskCompletion<TResult> : NotifyTaskCompletion
    {
        public NotifyTaskCompletion(Task<TResult> task)
            : base(task)
        {
        }

        public TResult Result
        {
            get
            {
                return (Task.Status == TaskStatus.RanToCompletion) ?
                    ((Task<TResult>)Task).Result : default(TResult);
            }
        }
    }

    public class NotifyTaskCompletion : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public NotifyTaskCompletion(Task task)
        {
            Task = task;
            if (!task.IsCompleted)
                TaskCompletion = WatchTaskAsync(task);
            else
                TaskCompletion = Task;
        }

        private async Task WatchTaskAsync(Task task)
        {
            try
            {
                await task;
            }
            catch
            {
                //This catch is intentionally empty, the errors will be handled lower on the "task.IsFaulted" branch.
            }
            var propertyChanged = PropertyChanged;
            if (propertyChanged == null)
                return;
            propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Status"));
            propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsCompleted"));
            propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsNotCompleted"));
            if (task.IsCanceled)
            {
                propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsCanceled"));
            }
            else if (task.IsFaulted)
            {
                propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsFaulted"));
                propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Exception"));
                propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("InnerException"));
                propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("ErrorMessage"));
            }
            else
            {
                propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsSuccessfullyCompleted"));
                propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Result"));
            }
        }

        public Task Task { get; private set; }
        public Task TaskCompletion { get; private set; }
        public TaskStatus Status { get { return Task.Status; } }
        public bool IsCompleted { get { return Task.IsCompleted; } }
        public bool IsNotCompleted { get { return !Task.IsCompleted; } }
        public bool IsSuccessfullyCompleted
        {
            get
            {
                return Task.Status ==
                    TaskStatus.RanToCompletion;
            }
        }
        public bool IsCanceled { get { return Task.IsCanceled; } }
        public bool IsFaulted { get { return Task.IsFaulted; } }
        public AggregateException Exception { get { return Task.Exception; } }
        public Exception InnerException
        {
            get
            {
                return (Exception == null) ?
                    null : Exception.InnerException;
            }
        }
        public string ErrorMessage
        {
            get
            {
                return (InnerException == null) ?
                    null : InnerException.Message;
            }
        }
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    }
}

12
2018-04-28 13:53



Wowsers。这似乎做了一切,包括厨房水槽!我同意这是一个看似非常完整的实现,包括取消等等。现在,我的问题是,我的答案是正确的?对于我的直接需求,我可能需要一段时间才能在我的测试用例中使用while循环。但我理解这个答案是最完整的,并最终解决了我的直接问题,也可能解决了我未来的所有问题。 - Peter pete


回顾其他答案

while (vm.SaveCommand.Executing) ; 似乎 忙着等待 而我更喜欢 避免这样做

使用其他解决方案 AsyncCommand 斯蒂芬克利里似乎有点 这样一个简单的任务有点过分

我提议的方法不会打破封装 - Save 方法不会暴露任何内部。它只是提供了另一种访问相同功能的方法。

我的解决方案似乎涵盖了所需的一切 简单明了的方式

建议

我会建议 重构 这段代码:

SaveCommand = new AsyncCommand(
    async param =>
    {
        Connection con = await Connection.GetInstanceAsync(m_configurationPath);
        con.Shoppe.Configurations = new List<CouchDbConfig>(m_configurations);
        await con.SaveConfigurationAsync(m_configurationPath);
        //now that its saved, we reload the Data.
        await LoadDataAsync(m_configurationPath);
    });

至:

SaveCommand = new RelayCommand(async param => await Save(param));

public async Task Save(object param)
{
    Connection con = await Connection.GetInstanceAsync(m_configurationPath);
    con.Shoppe.Configurations = new List<CouchDbConfig>(m_configurations);
    await con.SaveConfigurationAsync(m_configurationPath);
    //now that its saved, we reload the Data.
    await LoadDataAsync(m_configurationPath);
}

请注意:我改变了 AsyncCommandRelayCommand 可以在任何MVVM框架中找到它。它只是接收一个动作作为参数并在运行时运行 ICommand.Execute 方法被调用。

单元测试

我使用支持的NUnit框架做了一个例子 async 测试:

[Test]
public async Task MyViewModelWithAsyncCommandsTest()
{
    // Arrange
    // do view model initialization here

    // Act
    await vm.Save(param);

    // Assert
    // verify that what what you expected actually happened
}

并在视图中绑定命令,就像你通常会做的那样:

Command="{Binding SaveCommand}"

0
2017-07-08 08:09