我一直在谷歌搜索,甚至Binging,我还没有想出任何令人满意的东西。
我有一个ViewModel,它有一些命令,例如: SaveCommand
, NewCommand
和 DeleteCommand
。我的 SaveCommand
执行保存到文件操作,我想成为 async
操作,以便UI不等待它。
我的 SaveCommand
是一个实例 AsyncCommand,实现 ICommand
。
SaveCommand = new AsyncCommand(
async param =>
{
Connection con = await Connection.GetInstanceAsync(m_configurationPath);
con.Shoppe.Configurations = new List<CouchDbConfig>(m_configurations);
await con.SaveConfigurationAsync(m_configurationPath);
//now that its saved, we reload the Data.
await LoadDataAsync(m_configurationPath);
},
...etc
现在我正在为我的ViewModel构建一个测试。在其中,我创造了一个新的东西 NewCommand
,我修改它,然后使用 SaveCommand
。
vm.SaveCommand.Execute(null);
Assert.IsFalse(vm.SaveCommand.CanExecute(null));
我的 CanExecute
方法(未示出) SaveCommand
应该回来 False
在项目保存之后(保存未更改的项目没有意义)。但是,上面显示的Assert总是失败,因为我不是在等待 SaveCommand
完成执行。
现在,我迫不及待地想要完成执行,因为我做不到。该 ICommand.Execute
没有返回 Task
。如果我改变了 AsyncCommand
拥有它 Execute
回来一个 Task
那么它就不会实现了 ICommand
界面正常。
因此,出于测试目的,我认为我现在唯一可以做的就是 AsynCommand
有一个新功能:
public async Task ExecuteAsync(object param) { ... }
因此,我的测试将运行(和 await
) ExecuteAsync
函数和XAML UI将运行 ICommand.Execute
它没有的方法 await
。
我不像我想的那样对我提出的解决方案方法感到高兴,并希望并希望有更好的方法。
是我的建议,合理吗?有没有更好的办法?
看起来答案是使用标志 AsyncCommand
目的。使用 Executing
的旗帜 AsyncCommand
在里面 CanExecute
方法将确保用户在另一个实例运行时无法执行该命令。
通过单元测试,您可以使用while循环使其在断言后等待:
while (vm.SaveCommand.Executing) ;
这样测试就会干净利落地进行。
你的建议是合理的,而且正是如此 AsyncCommand
由Stephen Cleary创建的实现 (他是最重要的人之一) 关于异步主题的专家 代码恕我直言)
这是文章中代码的完整实现(加上我为我使用的用例做的一些调整。)
AsyncCommand.cs
/*
* Based on the article: Patterns for Asynchronous MVVM Applications: Commands
* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dn630647.aspx
*
* Modified by Scott Chamberlain 11-19-2014
* - Added parameter support
* - Added the ability to shut off the single invocation restriction.
* - Made a non-generic version of the class that called the generic version with a <object> return type.
*/
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;
namespace Infrastructure
{
public class AsyncCommand : AsyncCommand<object>
{
public AsyncCommand(Func<object, Task> command)
: base(async (parmater, token) => { await command(parmater); return null; }, null)
{
}
public AsyncCommand(Func<object, Task> command, Func<object, bool> canExecute)
: base(async (parmater, token) => { await command(parmater); return null; }, canExecute)
{
}
public AsyncCommand(Func<object, CancellationToken, Task> command)
: base(async (parmater, token) => { await command(parmater, token); return null; }, null)
{
}
public AsyncCommand(Func<object, CancellationToken, Task> command, Func<object, bool> canExecute)
: base(async (parmater, token) => { await command(parmater, token); return null; }, canExecute)
{
}
}
public class AsyncCommand<TResult> : AsyncCommandBase, INotifyPropertyChanged
{
private readonly Func<object, CancellationToken, Task<TResult>> _command;
private readonly CancelAsyncCommand _cancelCommand;
private readonly Func<object, bool> _canExecute;
private NotifyTaskCompletion<TResult> _execution;
private bool _allowMultipleInvocations;
public AsyncCommand(Func<object, Task<TResult>> command)
: this((parmater, token) => command(parmater), null)
{
}
public AsyncCommand(Func<object, Task<TResult>> command, Func<object, bool> canExecute)
: this((parmater, token) => command(parmater), canExecute)
{
}
public AsyncCommand(Func<object, CancellationToken, Task<TResult>> command)
: this(command, null)
{
}
public AsyncCommand(Func<object, CancellationToken, Task<TResult>> command, Func<object, bool> canExecute)
{
_command = command;
_canExecute = canExecute;
_cancelCommand = new CancelAsyncCommand();
}
public override bool CanExecute(object parameter)
{
var canExecute = _canExecute == null || _canExecute(parameter);
var executionComplete = (Execution == null || Execution.IsCompleted);
return canExecute && (AllowMultipleInvocations || executionComplete);
}
public override async Task ExecuteAsync(object parameter)
{
_cancelCommand.NotifyCommandStarting();
Execution = new NotifyTaskCompletion<TResult>(_command(parameter, _cancelCommand.Token));
RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
await Execution.TaskCompletion;
_cancelCommand.NotifyCommandFinished();
RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
public bool AllowMultipleInvocations
{
get { return _allowMultipleInvocations; }
set
{
if (_allowMultipleInvocations == value)
return;
_allowMultipleInvocations = value;
OnPropertyChanged();
}
}
public ICommand CancelCommand
{
get { return _cancelCommand; }
}
public NotifyTaskCompletion<TResult> Execution
{
get { return _execution; }
private set
{
_execution = value;
OnPropertyChanged();
}
}
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
{
PropertyChangedEventHandler handler = PropertyChanged;
if (handler != null)
handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
private sealed class CancelAsyncCommand : ICommand
{
private CancellationTokenSource _cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
private bool _commandExecuting;
public CancellationToken Token { get { return _cts.Token; } }
public void NotifyCommandStarting()
{
_commandExecuting = true;
if (!_cts.IsCancellationRequested)
return;
_cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
public void NotifyCommandFinished()
{
_commandExecuting = false;
RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
bool ICommand.CanExecute(object parameter)
{
return _commandExecuting && !_cts.IsCancellationRequested;
}
void ICommand.Execute(object parameter)
{
_cts.Cancel();
RaiseCanExecuteChanged();
}
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
{
add { CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
remove { CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
}
private void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
{
CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested();
}
}
}
}
AsyncCommandBase.cs
/*
* Based on the article: Patterns for Asynchronous MVVM Applications: Commands
* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dn630647.aspx
*/
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;
namespace Infrastructure
{
public abstract class AsyncCommandBase : IAsyncCommand
{
public abstract bool CanExecute(object parameter);
public abstract Task ExecuteAsync(object parameter);
public async void Execute(object parameter)
{
await ExecuteAsync(parameter);
}
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
{
add { CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
remove { CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
}
protected void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
{
CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested();
}
}
}
NotifyTaskCompletion.cs
/*
* Based on the article: Patterns for Asynchronous MVVM Applications: Commands
* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dn630647.aspx
*
* Modifed by Scott Chamberlain on 12/03/2014
* Split in to two classes, one that does not return a result and a
* derived class that does.
*/
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Infrastructure
{
public sealed class NotifyTaskCompletion<TResult> : NotifyTaskCompletion
{
public NotifyTaskCompletion(Task<TResult> task)
: base(task)
{
}
public TResult Result
{
get
{
return (Task.Status == TaskStatus.RanToCompletion) ?
((Task<TResult>)Task).Result : default(TResult);
}
}
}
public class NotifyTaskCompletion : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public NotifyTaskCompletion(Task task)
{
Task = task;
if (!task.IsCompleted)
TaskCompletion = WatchTaskAsync(task);
else
TaskCompletion = Task;
}
private async Task WatchTaskAsync(Task task)
{
try
{
await task;
}
catch
{
//This catch is intentionally empty, the errors will be handled lower on the "task.IsFaulted" branch.
}
var propertyChanged = PropertyChanged;
if (propertyChanged == null)
return;
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Status"));
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsCompleted"));
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsNotCompleted"));
if (task.IsCanceled)
{
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsCanceled"));
}
else if (task.IsFaulted)
{
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsFaulted"));
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Exception"));
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("InnerException"));
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("ErrorMessage"));
}
else
{
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("IsSuccessfullyCompleted"));
propertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Result"));
}
}
public Task Task { get; private set; }
public Task TaskCompletion { get; private set; }
public TaskStatus Status { get { return Task.Status; } }
public bool IsCompleted { get { return Task.IsCompleted; } }
public bool IsNotCompleted { get { return !Task.IsCompleted; } }
public bool IsSuccessfullyCompleted
{
get
{
return Task.Status ==
TaskStatus.RanToCompletion;
}
}
public bool IsCanceled { get { return Task.IsCanceled; } }
public bool IsFaulted { get { return Task.IsFaulted; } }
public AggregateException Exception { get { return Task.Exception; } }
public Exception InnerException
{
get
{
return (Exception == null) ?
null : Exception.InnerException;
}
}
public string ErrorMessage
{
get
{
return (InnerException == null) ?
null : InnerException.Message;
}
}
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
}
}
回顾其他答案
干 while (vm.SaveCommand.Executing) ;
似乎 忙着等待 而我更喜欢 避免这样做。
使用其他解决方案 AsyncCommand
斯蒂芬克利里似乎有点 这样一个简单的任务有点过分。
我提议的方法不会打破封装 - Save
方法不会暴露任何内部。它只是提供了另一种访问相同功能的方法。
我的解决方案似乎涵盖了所需的一切 简单明了的方式。
建议
我会建议 重构 这段代码:
SaveCommand = new AsyncCommand(
async param =>
{
Connection con = await Connection.GetInstanceAsync(m_configurationPath);
con.Shoppe.Configurations = new List<CouchDbConfig>(m_configurations);
await con.SaveConfigurationAsync(m_configurationPath);
//now that its saved, we reload the Data.
await LoadDataAsync(m_configurationPath);
});
至:
SaveCommand = new RelayCommand(async param => await Save(param));
public async Task Save(object param)
{
Connection con = await Connection.GetInstanceAsync(m_configurationPath);
con.Shoppe.Configurations = new List<CouchDbConfig>(m_configurations);
await con.SaveConfigurationAsync(m_configurationPath);
//now that its saved, we reload the Data.
await LoadDataAsync(m_configurationPath);
}
请注意:我改变了 AsyncCommand
至 RelayCommand
可以在任何MVVM框架中找到它。它只是接收一个动作作为参数并在运行时运行 ICommand.Execute
方法被调用。
单元测试
我使用支持的NUnit框架做了一个例子 async
测试:
[Test]
public async Task MyViewModelWithAsyncCommandsTest()
{
// Arrange
// do view model initialization here
// Act
await vm.Save(param);
// Assert
// verify that what what you expected actually happened
}
并在视图中绑定命令,就像你通常会做的那样:
Command="{Binding SaveCommand}"