我想知道是否有任何方法可以做到以下几点。我有一个抽象类, Shape
,以及它所有不同的子类,我想覆盖克隆方法。我想在方法中做的就是创建一个新的 Shape
来自 toString()
当前的一个。显然我不能做以下因为 Shape
是抽象的。还有另一种方法可以做到这一点,因为在每个子类中重写克隆只是为了简单的名称更改似乎没用。
public abstract class Shape {
public Shape(String str) {
// Create object from string representation
}
public Shape clone() {
// Need new way to do this
return new Shape(this.toString());
}
public String toString() {
// Correctly overriden toString()
}
}
您可以尝试使用反射:
public abstract class AClonable implements Cloneable{
private String val;
public AClonable(){
}
public AClonable(String s){
val=s;
}
public String toString(){
return val;
}
@Override
public AClonable clone(){
try {
System.out.println(getClass().getCanonicalName());
AClonable b= getClass().getDeclaredConstructor(String.class).newInstance(val);
return b;
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
在clone()方法中,您调用getClass()。因为ACloneble是抽象的,所以调用将总是进入具体类。
public class ClonebaleOne extends AClonable{
public ClonebaleOne(){
super();
}
public ClonebaleOne(String s) {
super(s);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
}
和
public class ClonebaleTwo extends AClonable{
public ClonebaleTwo(){
super();
}
public ClonebaleTwo(String s) {
super(s);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
}
最后
public static void main(String[] args){
AClonable one = new ClonebaleOne("One");
AClonable tow= new ClonebaleTwo("Two");
AClonable clone = one.clone();
System.out.println(clone.toString());
clone = tow.clone();
System.out.println(clone.toString());
}
输出:
ClonebaleOne
One
ClonebaleTwo
Two
但它更像是一个黑客而不是一个解决方案
[编辑]我的两个克隆比...更快
[编辑]完成。 clone()的另一个实现可以是
@Override
public AClonable clone(){
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream outByte = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream outObj = new ObjectOutputStream(outByte);
ByteArrayInputStream inByte;
ObjectInputStream inObject;
outObj.writeObject(this);
outObj.close();
byte[] buffer = outByte.toByteArray();
inByte = new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer);
inObject = new ObjectInputStream(inByte);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Object deepcopy = inObject.readObject();
inObject.close();
return (AClonable) deepcopy;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
当您的抽象类实现Serialazable时。在那里,您将对象写入光盘并使用光盘中的值创建副本。
你无法创造 深刻的克隆 的 abstract
上课因为他们 无法实例化。你所能做的就是 浅层克隆 通过使用 Object.clone()
或返回 this
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
要么
@Override
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return this;
}
抽象类可以作为引用,它不能有一个实例,所以在这种情况下浅克隆工作
要么
作为更好的方法,您可以声明 clone()
如 abstract
并要求子类定义它,像这样
abstract class Shape {
private String str;
public Shape(String str) {
this.str = str;
}
public abstract Shape clone();
public String toString() {
return str;
}
}
class Circle extends Shape {
public Circle(String str) {
super(str);
}
@Override
public Shape clone() {
return new Circle("circle");
}
}
虽然我怀疑它是个好主意,但你可以使用反射:
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Square s1 = new Square("test");
Square s2 = (Square) s1.clone();
// show that s2 contains the same data
System.out.println(s2);
// show that s1 and s2 are really different objects
System.out.println(s1 == s2);
}
public static abstract class Shape {
private String str;
public Shape(String str) {
this.str = str;
}
public Shape clone() {
try {
Class<?> cl = this.getClass();
Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(String.class);
return (Shape) cons.newInstance(this.toString());
} catch (NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException |
InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException |
IllegalArgumentException | InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return str;
}
}
public static class Square extends Shape {
public Square(String str) {
super(str);
}
}
}
你可以用反射来解决:
public abstract class Shape {
private String str;
public Shape() {
}
protected Shape(String str) {
this.str = str;
}
public Shape clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
{
try {
return (Shape)getClass().getDeclaredConstructor(String.class).newInstance(this.toString());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new CloneNotSupportedException();
}
}
public String toString() {
return "shape";
}
public class Round extends Shape
{
public Round()
{
super();
}
protected Round(String str) {
super(str);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "round";
}
}
main(){
Shape round = new Round();
Shape clone = round.clone();
System.out.println(round);
System.out.println(clone);
}
但是 - IMO - 实施效果差,容易出错,有很多坑;最好的用法 Cloneable
和 Object.clone()
是不要用它们!你有很多方法可以做同样的事情(如深度克隆的序列化)和浅克隆,可以更好地控制流量。