问题 如何使用java.net.URLConnection来触发和处理HTTP请求

使用HTTP时，引用它几乎总是更有用 HttpURLConnection 而不是基类 URLConnection （以来 URLConnection 当你要求时，它是一个抽象类 URLConnection.openConnection() 在HTTP URL上，无论如何你都会得到它。

然后你可以而不是依靠 URLConnection#setDoOutput(true) 隐式设置请求方法 POST 相反 httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST") 有些人可能会发现更自然（并且还允许您指定其他请求方法，例如 放， 删除，...）。

它还提供有用的HTTP常量，因此您可以执行以下操作：

int responseCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();

if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {

受到关于SO的这个问题和其他问题的启发，我创建了一个最小的开源 基本-HTTP客户端 这体现了这里发现的大多数技术。

谷歌-HTTP-Java的客户端 也是一个很好的开源资源。

HTTP URL Hits有两个选项：GET / POST

GET请求： -

HttpURLConnection.setFollowRedirects(true); // defaults to true

String url = "https://name_of_the_url";
URL request_url = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection http_conn = (HttpURLConnection)request_url.openConnection();
http_conn.setConnectTimeout(100000);
http_conn.setReadTimeout(100000);
http_conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
System.out.println(String.valueOf(http_conn.getResponseCode()));

POST请求： -

HttpURLConnection.setFollowRedirects(true); // defaults to true

String url = "https://name_of_the_url"
URL request_url = new URL(url);
HttpURLConnection http_conn = (HttpURLConnection)request_url.openConnection();
http_conn.setConnectTimeout(100000);
http_conn.setReadTimeout(100000);
http_conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
http_conn.setDoOutput(true);
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(http_conn.getOutputStream());
if (urlparameter != null) {
   out.println(urlparameter);
}
out.close();
out = null;
System.out.println(String.valueOf(http_conn.getResponseCode()));

我建议你看一下代码 kevinsawicki / http请求，它基本上是一个包装器 HttpUrlConnection 它提供了一个更简单的API，以防您只是想立即发出请求，或者您可以查看源（它不是太大）来查看连接的处理方式。

示例：制作一个 GET 请求内容类型 application/json 和一些查询参数：

// GET http://google.com?q=baseball%20gloves&size=100
String response = HttpRequest.get("http://google.com", true, "q", "baseball gloves", "size", 100)
        .accept("application/json")
        .body();
System.out.println("Response was: " + response);

我也对这种反应非常鼓舞。

我经常在我需要做一些HTTP的项目上，我可能不想引入很多第三方依赖（带来其他依赖等等）

我开始根据这些对话开始编写我自己的实用程序（不是任何完成的地方）：

package org.boon.utils;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.Map;

import static org.boon.utils.IO.read;

public class HTTP {

然后只有一堆或静态方法。

public static String get(
        final String url) {

    Exceptions.tryIt(() -> {
        URLConnection connection;
        connection = doGet(url, null, null, null);
        return extractResponseString(connection);
    });
    return null;
}

public static String getWithHeaders(
        final String url,
        final Map<String, ? extends Object> headers) {
    URLConnection connection;
    try {
        connection = doGet(url, headers, null, null);
        return extractResponseString(connection);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        Exceptions.handle(ex);
        return null;
    }
}

public static String getWithContentType(
        final String url,
        final Map<String, ? extends Object> headers,
        String contentType) {
    URLConnection connection;
    try {
        connection = doGet(url, headers, contentType, null);
        return extractResponseString(connection);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        Exceptions.handle(ex);
        return null;
    }
}
public static String getWithCharSet(
        final String url,
        final Map<String, ? extends Object> headers,
        String contentType,
        String charSet) {
    URLConnection connection;
    try {
        connection = doGet(url, headers, contentType, charSet);
        return extractResponseString(connection);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        Exceptions.handle(ex);
        return null;
    }
}

然后发布...

public static String postBody(
        final String url,
        final String body) {
    URLConnection connection;
    try {
        connection = doPost(url, null, "text/plain", null, body);
        return extractResponseString(connection);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        Exceptions.handle(ex);
        return null;
    }
}

public static String postBodyWithHeaders(
        final String url,
        final Map<String, ? extends Object> headers,
        final String body) {
    URLConnection connection;
    try {
        connection = doPost(url, headers, "text/plain", null, body);
        return extractResponseString(connection);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        Exceptions.handle(ex);
        return null;
    }
}



public static String postBodyWithContentType(
        final String url,
        final Map<String, ? extends Object> headers,
        final String contentType,
        final String body) {

    URLConnection connection;
    try {
        connection = doPost(url, headers, contentType, null, body);


        return extractResponseString(connection);


    } catch (Exception ex) {
        Exceptions.handle(ex);
        return null;
    }


}


public static String postBodyWithCharset(
        final String url,
        final Map<String, ? extends Object> headers,
        final String contentType,
        final String charSet,
        final String body) {

    URLConnection connection;
    try {
        connection = doPost(url, headers, contentType, charSet, body);


        return extractResponseString(connection);


    } catch (Exception ex) {
        Exceptions.handle(ex);
        return null;
    }


}

private static URLConnection doPost(String url, Map<String, ? extends Object> headers,
                                    String contentType, String charset, String body
                                    ) throws IOException {
    URLConnection connection;/* Handle output. */
    connection = new URL(url).openConnection();
    connection.setDoOutput(true);
    manageContentTypeHeaders(contentType, charset, connection);

    manageHeaders(headers, connection);


    IO.write(connection.getOutputStream(), body, IO.CHARSET);
    return connection;
}

private static void manageHeaders(Map<String, ? extends Object> headers, URLConnection connection) {
    if (headers != null) {
        for (Map.Entry<String, ? extends Object> entry : headers.entrySet()) {
            connection.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString());
        }
    }
}

private static void manageContentTypeHeaders(String contentType, String charset, URLConnection connection) {
    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", charset == null ? IO.CHARSET : charset);
    if (contentType!=null && !contentType.isEmpty()) {
        connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", contentType);
    }
}

private static URLConnection doGet(String url, Map<String, ? extends Object> headers,
                                    String contentType, String charset) throws IOException {
    URLConnection connection;/* Handle output. */
    connection = new URL(url).openConnection();
    manageContentTypeHeaders(contentType, charset, connection);

    manageHeaders(headers, connection);

    return connection;
}

private static String extractResponseString(URLConnection connection) throws IOException {
/* Handle input. */
    HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection)connection;
    int status = http.getResponseCode();
    String charset = getCharset(connection.getHeaderField("Content-Type"));

    if (status==200) {
        return readResponseBody(http, charset);
    } else {
        return readErrorResponseBody(http, status, charset);
    }
}

private static String readErrorResponseBody(HttpURLConnection http, int status, String charset) {
    InputStream errorStream = http.getErrorStream();
    if ( errorStream!=null ) {
        String error = charset== null ? read( errorStream ) :
            read( errorStream, charset );
        throw new RuntimeException("STATUS CODE =" + status + "\n\n" + error);
    } else {
        throw new RuntimeException("STATUS CODE =" + status);
    }
}

private static String readResponseBody(HttpURLConnection http, String charset) throws IOException {
    if (charset != null) {
        return read(http.getInputStream(), charset);
    } else {
        return read(http.getInputStream());
    }
}

private static String getCharset(String contentType) {
    if (contentType==null)  {
        return null;
    }
    String charset = null;
    for (String param : contentType.replace(" ", "").split(";")) {
        if (param.startsWith("charset=")) {
            charset = param.split("=", 2)[1];
            break;
        }
    }
    charset = charset == null ?  IO.CHARSET : charset;

    return charset;
}

反正你懂这个意思....

以下是测试：

static class MyHandler implements HttpHandler {
    public void handle(HttpExchange t) throws IOException {

        InputStream requestBody = t.getRequestBody();
        String body = IO.read(requestBody);
        Headers requestHeaders = t.getRequestHeaders();
        body = body + "\n" + copy(requestHeaders).toString();
        t.sendResponseHeaders(200, body.length());
        OutputStream os = t.getResponseBody();
        os.write(body.getBytes());
        os.close();
    }
}


@Test
public void testHappy() throws Exception {

    HttpServer server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(9212), 0);
    server.createContext("/test", new MyHandler());
    server.setExecutor(null); // creates a default executor
    server.start();

    Thread.sleep(10);


    Map<String,String> headers = map("foo", "bar", "fun", "sun");

    String response = HTTP.postBodyWithContentType("http://localhost:9212/test", headers, "text/plain", "hi mom");

    System.out.println(response);

    assertTrue(response.contains("hi mom"));
    assertTrue(response.contains("Fun=[sun], Foo=[bar]"));


    response = HTTP.postBodyWithCharset("http://localhost:9212/test", headers, "text/plain", "UTF-8", "hi mom");

    System.out.println(response);

    assertTrue(response.contains("hi mom"));
    assertTrue(response.contains("Fun=[sun], Foo=[bar]"));

    response = HTTP.postBodyWithHeaders("http://localhost:9212/test", headers, "hi mom");

    System.out.println(response);

    assertTrue(response.contains("hi mom"));
    assertTrue(response.contains("Fun=[sun], Foo=[bar]"));


    response = HTTP.get("http://localhost:9212/test");

    System.out.println(response);


    response = HTTP.getWithHeaders("http://localhost:9212/test", headers);

    System.out.println(response);

    assertTrue(response.contains("Fun=[sun], Foo=[bar]"));



    response = HTTP.getWithContentType("http://localhost:9212/test", headers, "text/plain");

    System.out.println(response);

    assertTrue(response.contains("Fun=[sun], Foo=[bar]"));



    response = HTTP.getWithCharSet("http://localhost:9212/test", headers, "text/plain", "UTF-8");

    System.out.println(response);

    assertTrue(response.contains("Fun=[sun], Foo=[bar]"));

    Thread.sleep(10);

    server.stop(0);


}

@Test
public void testPostBody() throws Exception {

    HttpServer server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(9220), 0);
    server.createContext("/test", new MyHandler());
    server.setExecutor(null); // creates a default executor
    server.start();

    Thread.sleep(10);


    Map<String,String> headers = map("foo", "bar", "fun", "sun");

    String response = HTTP.postBody("http://localhost:9220/test", "hi mom");

    assertTrue(response.contains("hi mom"));


    Thread.sleep(10);

    server.stop(0);


}

@Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void testSad() throws Exception {

    HttpServer server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(9213), 0);
    server.createContext("/test", new MyHandler());
    server.setExecutor(null); // creates a default executor
    server.start();

    Thread.sleep(10);


    Map<String,String> headers = map("foo", "bar", "fun", "sun");

    String response = HTTP.postBodyWithContentType("http://localhost:9213/foo", headers, "text/plain", "hi mom");

    System.out.println(response);

    assertTrue(response.contains("hi mom"));
    assertTrue(response.contains("Fun=[sun], Foo=[bar]"));

    Thread.sleep(10);

    server.stop(0);


}

你可以在这里找到其余的：

https://github.com/RichardHightower/boon

我的目标是以更简单的方式提供人们想要做的常见事情....

更新

新的HTTP客户端随Java 9一起提供，但作为一部分   孵化器模块命名 jdk.incubator.httpclient。孵化器模块是   一种将非最终API放在开发人员手中的方法   API将在未来完成或删除   发布。

在Java 9中，您可以发送一个 GET 请求如下：

// GET
HttpResponse response = HttpRequest
    .create(new URI("http://www.stackoverflow.com"))
    .headers("Foo", "foovalue", "Bar", "barvalue")
    .GET()
    .response();

然后你可以检查返回的 HttpResponse：

int statusCode = response.statusCode();
String responseBody = response.body(HttpResponse.asString());

由于这个新的HTTP客户端在 java.httpclient  jdk.incubator.httpclient 模块，你应该在你的。中声明这种依赖 module-info.java 文件：

module com.foo.bar {
    requires jdk.incubator.httpclient;
}